What is an example of a deliberate threat to data?

A deliberate threat to data refers to an intentional act that seeks to compromise, manipulate, or destroy data. Hacking and malware fit this definition perfectly, as they are perpetrated by individuals or groups who purposefully target systems and data with the aim of theft, damage, or unauthorized access. These actions are not random or accidental but are carefully planned and executed, highlighting their deliberate nature.

In contrast, human error encompasses mistakes made by users, such as accidental deletion or misconfiguration, and does not imply intent to harm. Natural occurrences, such as floods or earthquakes, are external factors outside of human control and are not intentional threats. Computer crashes signify malfunctions or failures in the hardware or software, which can be detrimental to data integrity, but these are typically not caused by deliberate actions. Thus, hacking and malware represent the quintessential examples of deliberate threats within the realm of data security.