Which of the following is NOT a type of validation?

In the context of data validation, different types of checks are employed to ensure the integrity and accuracy of data entered into a system. The concept of validation typically includes verifying that data meets particular criteria before it is processed.

Existence or presence checks confirm that a value is provided when required. For instance, in a form where an email address is mandatory, an existence check would ensure that the field is not left blank.

Range checks evaluate whether a given value falls within a specified range. This is common for numeric values; for example, an age field might be validated to ensure the age is within a realistic range (e.g., 0 to 120 years).

Data type checks confirm that the data entered matches the expected format for that specific field. For instance, if a field is designated for a date, a data type check would ensure that the input adheres to the date format.

In contrast, while data quality checks certainly play a role in assessing and ensuring the overall reliability of the data, they do not fall under standard types of validation checks. Data quality encompasses broader aspects, such as consistency, completeness, accuracy, and reliability of data, and is not limited to assessing individual data entries. Hence, it is categorized differently than the specific checks mentioned