Which statement best describes a 'query' in database terminology?

In database terminology, a query refers to a request for data results and actions on data. This encompasses the ability to not only retrieve data but also to perform operations such as inserting, updating, or deleting records within the database. Queries are typically written in structured query language (SQL) and enable users to interact with the database in a flexible way, extracting specific information based on defined criteria, joining tables, or even aggregating data.

The essence of a query's function is to communicate with the database system to obtain desired results or to manipulate the data. Thus, the statement that views a query as a request captures both the retrieval aspect and the operational functionalities, making it the most comprehensive and accurate description of what a query is meant to achieve in a database environment.